A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Click on the first letter of the country that you are interested in to see all the projects undertaken.
H
Hungary.
Hungary:
Hungary
1HUN Zero Waste Case Study in Hungary .pdf 511KB
HuMuSz
The aim of this activity was to promote an alternative waste management practice to waste incineration as a Best Environmental Practice used to avoid POPs formation. The study documents the recycling program organized by HuMuSz that began with the Ministry of Environment and expanded to 11 institutions including the Parliament, Duna-Ipoly National Park, Prime Minister's office building and others. The materials included paper, PET, glass, batteries, electronic equipment, fluorescent bulbs, furniture and office hazardous waste. This activity was part of a broader awareness-raising campaign that included the collection of information about zero waste practices in Hungary as basic information for discussion about Best Environmental Practices according to Article 5 of the Stockholm Convention.
Outputs:
Report: Zero waste as a Best Environmental Practice to address POPs issues created by waste incineration and/or landfilling of waste: a case study in Hungary
Awareness-raising activities
Keywords:
Alternatives to practices that use or generate POPs; Waste management and POPs; Unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs); Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising
Hungary
2HUN Lindane in Hungary .pdf 587KB
Clean Air Action Group (CAAG)
Lindane was nominated to be included on the POPs list under the Stockholm Convention at the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention in May 2005. Due to this proposal, there is a need to collect the available/new information about Lindane from different countries to raise awareness and knowledge about this dangerous and widely used chemical. After the restriction of DDT in the 1970s, Lindane (and other types of HCHs) became the most general insecticides in Hungarian agriculture. Hungary started to produce this substance in 1966, under the trade name: "Hungária." It became so popular that two companies produced it in the 1990s in the amount of many thousand tons. Clean Air Action Group (CAAG) collected available information from ministries, authorities, scientific institutes and from local NGOs about Lindane. The collected information included production from the past and formulation, import, prior uses, disposal, storage facilities, contamination of the environment and humans (official data and NGOs blood tests), and information on pesticide and biocide legislation related to this issue.
Outputs:
Report: Lindane in Hungary
Keywords:
New POPs; Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; Monitoring and assessment
Hungary
3HUN Hungary Country Situation Report .pdf 725KB
Clean Air Action Group (CAAG)
This country situation report describes the sources of POPs pesticides (including manufacturing, export/import and storage of obsolete pesticides), as well as what types of POPs pesticides are present in Hungary. The report also includes available information on the environmental damage caused by POPs pesticides. CAAG collected available information (studies, data, etc.) about known POPs pesticide levels in Hungary including contamination of the environment (soil, water, etc.) and residues of POPs in food and in humans (breast milk, blood and in some other biological materials).
Outputs:
Report: Country situation report on POPs pesticides in Hungary
Keywords:
Country situation reports for contribution to NIP processes; Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management
I
India.
Indonesia.
India:
India
2IND POPs Awareness Raising in West Bengal .pdf 356KB
Society for Direct Initiative for Social and Health Action (DISHA)
This report outlines DISHA's efforts to increase POPs knowledge and public awareness in West Bengal, a region affected by numerous POPs-contaminated processes and activities including extensive pesticide use in tea gardens in East and North East India, illegal DDT use in mosquito control in agriculture, uncontrolled production and use of PCBs in industry, and the open burning of municipal waste containing PVC in agricultural fields adjacent to garbage sites. Activities undertaken to address these issues included the documentation of existing literature, data and field experience for campaign activists and researchers, as well as for input into the development of the National Implementation Plan; publication of a Bengali-language information pack on POPs, POPs sources, health and environmental impacts, and appropriate alternatives; campaign activities and networking; and a state-level workshop focused on the development a future POPs campaign.
Outputs:
Inclusion of POPs on the agenda of concerned researchers and environmental activists
Development of informational materials and packet including posters, slides, an information booklet in Bengali, as well as a "Campaigners Handbook"
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; Waste management and POPs; PCBs
India
3IND Lucknow_eggsreport .pdf 347KB
Toxics Link
This report documents Toxics Link India's participation in a "Global Egg Study" undertaken by IPEN in 17 countries. Toxics Link focused on Lucknow City in Uttar Pradesh as a POPs hotspot, using the area near a medical waste incinerator as a test location as a source for POPs. Eggs collected from free-range chickens near the medical waste incinerator near Queen Mary's Hospital Lucknow were tested for presence of by-product POPs (dioxins, furans, PCBs and HCB). Eggs collected showed high levels of dioxins and PCBs. Dioxin levels were 16 times the background levels and five times higher than European Union (EU) dioxin limits for eggs. Levels of PCBs were 4.7 times higher than proposed regulatory limits. Potential POPs sources were cited as six medical waste incinerators in Lucknow City, imported and in-hospital waste incineration sites, a pesticides factory 25 km away, pottery manufacturing, PVC recycling, landfills and the local pulp and paper industry. The study provides the first data on POPs in chicken eggs in India. Findings were widely disseminated among stakeholders, gained major media coverage, and led to an increase in public awareness and concern by the State Pollution Control Board.
Outputs:
Production of a Lucknow POPs hotspot report
Collection of vital data on medical incinerator-generated POPs' impact on food chain
Keywords:
: POPs hotspots; Waste management and POPs; Unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs); Inventories and data collection; Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Monitoring and assessment; Health and ecosystem impacts
India
4IND India Country Situation Report .pdf 683KB
Toxics Link
This report was developed by Toxics Link India to address the dearth of national POPs data and includes information about country-levels of POPs, POPs sources and measures to address them. General-as well as detailed-information and charts on POPs prevalence and use in India is included in the report. Production units, illegal imports and stockpiles of obsolete pesticide stockpiles are identified. Unidentified stockpiles of unused POPs, PCB use in the electricity sector, use of recycled oil containing PCBs, the PCBs from Indian ship breaking industry, dioxins and furans generated from incineration, cement factories, PVC units, biomass and open burning and pollution pathways are all identified as causes for concern. The report documents continuation of these activities despite a ban on seven Stockholm Convention-listed POPs pesticides, minus DDT, which continues to be used in vector control. The Convention ratification process, enabling activities and measures for POPS elimination are discussed. The report is useful for NGOs and academics in policy discussions, public awareness and can help prepare for a meaningful role in NIP preparations.
Outputs:
Country situation reports for contribution to NIP processes
Keywords:
Country situation reports for contribution to NIP processes
India
5IND India Toxics Link GDA Report .pdf 456KB
Toxics Link
This report encapsulates activities by Toxics Link conducted in a month-long campaign surrounding the Global Day of Action on POPs, held on Earth Day 2005, highlighting the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) plans to install Waste to Energy "Refuse Derived Fuel" (RDF) plants, which would openly burn mixed waste (including plastics) under uncontrolled conditions for conversion to pellets to be used in household/industrial fuel, leading to dioxin, furan and other emissions. Awareness-raising activities were multi-fold and included a street play, a panel discussion entitled: "Delhi's waste future: Landfills in the Sky," formation of a civil society coalition (Delhi Campaign for Safe Environment), a civil society petition urging authorities to exclude waste incineration from the renewable energy platform, and extensive media coverage. Parallel activities included NGO (DISHA) organizing a meeting on POPs in Western India. Authorities have since announced a reevaluation of the Delhi "Waste to Energy" plant. As a positive multiplier effect, the Supreme Court has also asked the Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources to form a Committee to examine waste to energy in Lucknow and Hyderabad.
Outputs:
Formation of Civil Society Coalition
Reevaluation by authorities of "Waste to Energy" initiatives in Delhi and elsewhere
Keywords:
Waste management and POPs; Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Policy and legislation; Unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs)
India
6IND Manual POPs and Women's Health .pdf 344KB
Chintan Environmental Research and Action Group
Women's health, including reproductive health, is an area that has been severely impacted by exposure to toxics and POPs in India. There exists a dearth of information on the subject, particularly India-specific, easy-to-understand information useful for the affected Indian female population. By consolidating available data on POPs and women's health, highlighting specific POPs and women's health-related risks including practical prevention and hands-on strategies, a manual for both practitioners and literate women was developed and disseminated widely among networks and groups working on the issue of POPs and women's health. This is a first of its kind manual linking toxics and human rights in a practical manner. A large audience will likely benefit, as the manual will be widely disseminated.
Outputs:
Manual developed on POPs and women's health
Wide distribution and dissemination of manual
Keywords:
Health and ecosystem impacts; Inventories and data collection; Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising
India
7IND Zero Waste Kovalam .pdf 610KB
Thanal
This report documents Thanal's case study of Kovalam's creative solutions to the inter-connected problems of POPs formation from inadequate waste management, including unsustainable material make-up, discards (recoverable items), environmental contamination, non-renewable energy sources and lack of employment, all through a holistic zero waste approach. "Zero Waste Kovalam" addressed these problems by examining materials in waste (developing social and ethical criteria by which products are designed), conducting an audit of garbage generation, and multi-stakeholder (NGOs, hotel, restaurants, civil society, etc) educational survey in Kovalam. The project was implemented with a two-pronged work plan: 1) assessment of the capability of biogas plants for biodegradable materials (resource recovery) and 2) training of women's groups on alternatives to materials such as plastics (material substitution), followed by the creation of a "Zero Waste Center" in 2003 and sub-projects including "poison-free farming," water conservation and community capacity building. The project was successful in deflecting a possible POPs-generating incinerator, implementing materials substitution to prevent POPs formation, and creating sustainable waste management and livelihoods. In February 2006, the Pacific Asia Travel Association awarded Zero Waste Kovalam its Environmental Award.
Outputs:
Case study report (English).
Outputs of actual 'Zero Waste Kovalam' project:
Installation of two biogas plants
Creation of "Zero Waste Center"
Poison-free farming and other training
Creation of women's discards/material substitution operations and sustainable jobs
Establishment of a children's program at the Center
Reduction in waste
Expansion of zero waste idea to other locales such as the Philippines
Environmental award from the Pacific Asia Travel Association
Keywords:
Waste management and POPs; Health and ecosystem impacts; Inventories and data collection; Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Alternatives to practices that use or generate POPs; Youth; Unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs)
India
8IND Junkdealers and POPs .pdf 350KB
Chintan Environmental Research and Action Group
There are numerous POPs in the storage and stockpiles of junk shop owners (kabaris) in New Delhi and surrounding areas. POPs are harbored in pesticide cans; industrial containers; plastics with brominated flame retardants (BFRs) that have POPs characteristics; and old PCB-containing electrical equipment. Copper coated PVC wires are burned to extract the copper, but release dioxins in the process. Pesticide containers contain residues that drain into the soil and come in physical contact with handlers. A survey was conducted among junk dealers to see determine what POPs they come in contact with most. Copper wires were seen to be the main concern, as most junk dealers received such wires and the thin wires/scraps of wires were usually burned. A series of workshops were held with the junk dealers, where alternate practices of PVC plastic removal from wires were highlighted and exchanged. In all, 202 junk dealers were trained. The trainings impact will be furthered with the concept of neighborhood checks.
Outputs:
Increased awareness among junk dealers of presence of POPs in their materials
Improved handling of POPs-laden materials
Keywords:
Waste management and POPs; Unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs; PCBs; Alternatives to practices that use or generate POPs; Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; New POPs
India
9IND Peoples Dialogue on POPs in Cotton Belt .pdf 350KB
Kheti Virasat Mission
This report addresses the harmful health affects associated with use and exposure to POPs. Punjab is one of the highest pesticide consumers in India. In addition, farmers in Punjab customarily burn paddy and wheat after harvest, leading to large amounts of dioxin and furan emissions. Despite increased cancer rates, many farmers are reluctant to switch to pesticide-free agriculture. To address this, Kheti Virasat Mission took up a participatory environmental education, mobilization and awareness campaign in six districts of the cotton belt to locate partners and volunteers for the campaign. Five peoples' dialogues on POPs were organized, along with 40 village-level meetings, highlighting harmful effects of POPs. Groups of volunteers and organic farmers were formed, encouraging farmers toward safer alternatives such as organic farming. The campaign-targeted at farmers, rural youth, eco-clubs, civil society, unions, women groups, organic produce enterprises, medics, University faculty, theatre groups, practicing organic farmers, journalists and agro experts-was deemed a success, gaining attention of media, lawyers, civil society and the pesticide industry.
Outputs:
Increased POPs awareness among farmers and stakeholders in the cotton belt
Peoples' dialogues created to further impact
Mobilization of farmers and volunteers to promote organic farming and safer alternatives
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Youth; Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; Health and ecosystem impacts
India
10IND Awareness Materials for Farmers .pdf 339KB
Kheti Virasat Mission
Punjab is a key agricultural state in India. However, due to lack of awareness among farmers in the region, Punjab is becoming a toxic hotspot due to an increasing prevalence and over reliance on pesticides, including POPs. This report documents Kheti Virasat Mission's efforts to educate farmers in Punjab about the impacts of POPs pesticides on health and the environment. Due to lack of materials in the local Punjabi language, KVM produced awareness materials in the local Punjabi language and disseminated it widely among farmers and other stakeholders. The main aim was to promote safer alternatives to pesticides and encourage a shift toward these alternatives. The material produced includes fact sheets on harmful impacts of pesticides on the environment, humans and livestock; a booklet on biological and eco-friendly alternatives to pesticides and environmentally sustainable agriculture practices; and posters, leaflets, banners and badges in Punjabi and English.
Outputs:
Local language manual for farmers in Punjab regarding the harmful effects of pesticides and POPs on the environment and ways to incorporate safer alternatives
Manual disseminated widely in the region
Keywords:
Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; POPs hotspots; Alternatives to practices that use or generate POPs; Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Health and ecosystem impacts
India
11IND POPs Pesticides Monitoring in India .pdf 487KB
Janhit Foundation
The Janhit Foundation undertook a study to confirm the use and presence of POPs in agricultural soil, water and vegetables of three districts of Western Uttar Pradesh. High levels of POPs pesticides and toxic substances were found including aldrin, dieldrin, DDE, endosulfan, heptachlor and Lindane, indicating possible use of POPs pesticides in the farming community, despite a ban. Many samples exceeded European Union limits, and some exceeded the presently permissive Indian regulatory standards. Subsequent to the findings, the Janhit Foundation held a series of public meetings for farmers about the adverse impacts of POPs. The meetings were well attended and awareness materials were created. To further increase awareness and disseminate findings, the Foundation organized a press conference which was attended by 42 journalists and also led to an All India radio broadcast. The awareness campaign also included two additional meetings on the harmful effects of POPs and a continued campaign among community members that will be submitted to the District Commissioner, demanding action against pesticide dealers. Awareness programs are also being planned in two schools.
Outputs:
Monitoring data on POPs pesticides in Western Uttar Pradesh
Report on data comparing local levels to various regulatory standards
Awareness campaign including posters, radio broadcast, workshops and press conference
Keywords:
Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; Inventories and data collection; Monitoring and assessment; Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Obsolete pesticides; New POPs; Health and ecosystem impacts
India
12IND Public Awareness in Uttar Pradesh .pdf 708KB
Prithvi Innovations
This report documents a unique "Hello Zindagi, Alvida POPs" or "Hello Life, Goodbye POPs" campaign to educate and raise awareness among children and youth about the threats of POPs. As part of the campaign, multiple thematic workshops were held in schools and colleges. Through interactive sessions, students and the teachers were encouraged to explore POPs in detail, share information by forming "POPs clubs," which provided platforms to share information and experience; build consensus on underlying issues; appeal to the government, media and the wider community to unite against POPs; and make use of communication technologies to create additional networks and partnerships to further mobilize efforts. The activity reached approximately 1,500 students and teachers directly and more than 6,000 people indirectly through local, national and international networks. The activity also inspired additional research and on-the-ground activities by students.
Outputs:
POPs workshops held in schools and colleges, reaching 1,500 students and teachers
Expanded POPs awareness networks reaching more than 6,000 people
Further mobilization of efforts resulting in additional research and on-the-ground activities
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Youth
India
13IND Public awareness raising POPs organic farming .pdf 344KB
Gramin Vikas evam Paryavaran Sanstha (GVEPS)
India's green revolution has left a legacy of widespread use of pesticides and POPs. To address the issue, GVePS implemented an awareness-raising campaign encouraging cultivators to shift from chemical fertilizers/pesticides to organic farming practices. Awareness activities reached 15 villages in the Dausa District of Rajasthan and included camps, a farmer's fair, foot marches, wall writing, public meetings and institution building, sensitizing farmers to the harmful effects of POPs. Training was provided on composting and use and application of organic manure. The village level institutions also took part and supported the agenda. Attempts were made to document and disseminate "popular knowledge" including indigenous seed preservation, traditional farm management practices and use of indigenous pest control. Interventions helped spark debate among farmers on POPs and build an understanding of their hazards. Organic farming practices are now being seen as a viable option, with a higher level of community commitment toward ecology and biodiversity.
Outputs:
POPs awareness-raising activities in Rajasthan about POPs and safer and organic alternatives
Training on composting and use and application of organic manure
Promotion of "popular" traditional agricultural knowledge
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; Alternatives to practices that use or generate POPs; Indigenous Peoples and POPs
India
15IND Public awareness in Kanpur .pdf 342KB
Environment Centre
POPs as an environmental concern has gained little momentum in smaller cities and towns in India where other environmental concerns are rampant. Consequently, the Environment Centre took on the task of awareness building on POPs at the local level in Andhra Pradesh. Activities included an awareness campaign in eight schools, including a workshop for teachers on POPs and Stockholm Convention obligations. A State level seminar on POPs was also organized, with the State Pollution Control Board participating. In the campaign, POPs was linked with local issues, such as the proposed ship breaking units, in order to increase effectiveness of the campaign and reduce the environmental impact of such industries. A small study and survey of farmers and pesticide dealers was also conducted to confirm overall use of banned POPs in the District. Alternative processes, such as application of bio pesticides in agriculture were suggested. A local-language (Telugu) educational pamphlet on POPs and health hazards, with special reference to the health of women and children, was also produced and disseminated.
Outputs:
Awareness-raising among students and teachers
POPs educational manual produced in the local Telegu language
POPs seminar held with local industrial and government stakeholders
Study conducted on POPs and district pesticide consumption and use in agriculture
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; Health and ecosystem impacts; Youth; Alternatives to practices that use or generate POPs
India
16IND Public awareness among farmers .pdf 344KB
Association for Rural and Tribal Development (ACTION)
This report documents the efforts of ACTION, along with other NGOs, including Training of Trainers (TOT), in creating awareness among the farmers on pesticides and POPs and their effects on environment and human health in Andhra Pradesh. A core group of trainers was formed and made responsible for holding workshops at the community level. Two-day workshops were organized at 11 locations across five districts, namely East Godavari, Prakasam, Guntur, Nellore and Visakhapatnam. Through the activity, the capacities of eight participating NGOs had been strengthened to address POPs issues. Workshops were attended by an average of 50 participants each and covered POPs and pesticides, their impacts on health and environment, and available alternatives to reduce threats, and they reached more than 600 farmers. Thousands more are expected to benefit from the workshops indirectly through community sharing.
Outputs:
Workshops on effects of POPs reached audience of 600 farmers and possibly thousands more
Awareness raised and trainers trained to continue momentum of POPs campaign
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management
India
17IND Empowering and Enviro Health in Rajasthan .pdf 350KB
Students Relief Society
The State of Rajasthan oscillates between persistent drought and acute rainfall. The situation is worsened by heavy use of pesticides and chemicals, including POPs, in agriculture. Students Relief Society (SRS) raised community awareness about the environment and health risks of POPs using a participatory approach in five villages under District Tonk in Rajasthan. Activities undertaken included an assessment of POPs and other harmful chemicals used in the area. An "Environment Health Awareness Forum" was formed in each village comprising local farmers, community leaders, local government body (panchayat) members and teachers. The forums are responsible for continuing awareness building after the activity. Awareness material on POPs and safer alternatives were developed in local language (Hindi) and disseminated widely. Activities also included planned rallies, speeches, films and street plays to highlight POPs risks on vulnerable populations. Activities were inked with experts from the Agriculture University, who provided expert guidance.
Outputs:
Creation of village-based "Environmental Health Awareness Forums" to continue campaign
POPs materials produced in Hindi
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; Health and ecosystem impacts; Youth; Alternatives to practices that use or generate POPs; Monitoring and assessment
Indonesia:
Indonesia
Farmer's Initiatives for Ecological Livelihoods and Democracy (FIELD)
1INS Community Action Research on POPs .pdf 455KB
The activity was a multi-step awareness-raising campaign for farmers, NGOs, local government officials and communities. The first step involved preparation meetings with farmers and local government offices to introduce POPs and the IPEP project. The next step was a curriculum development workshop of action research, which included topics such as pesticides and POPs, pesticide poisoning signs and symptoms, data collection, data analysis and implementation of the action research. Community groups, consisting mostly of farmers, were then trained on action research. In the fourth step, trained farmers conducted the research in Jatimakmur Village. The research activities focused on farmer's behavior and practices, pesticide poisoning signs and symptoms, survey on pesticide kiosks, and human health issues. In the final step, seminars on pesticide hazards (including POPs), and ecologically based agriculture were conducted on the village and district level.
Outputs:
Report: Awareness campaign on the danger of POPs and other pesticides to human health and environment through action research activity by a rural community
Preparation meetings with farmers and local government officials
Curriculum development and workshop
Three-day training workshop
Action research conducted by farmers over a three-month period
Increased farmer awareness
Keywords:
Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Inventories and data collection
Indonesia
2INS Zero Waste in Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines .pdf 671KB
Balifokus (Indonesia), Consumers' Association of Penang (Malaysia), Ecological Waste Coalition (Philippines) and Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (Philippines)
Four NGOs from Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines carried out coordinated policy research on zero waste as a healthy and sustainable option for managing discarded materials in these waste-impacted countries. The policy brief on zero waste explains why the authorities and citizens should pursue a holistic, non-burn approach to managing discards that are anchored on waste prevention, reduction, separation at source, recycling and composting. The study shows that zero waste, if genuinely implemented, can minimize POPs releases, conserve diminishing resources, generate jobs and stimulate community self-reliance and development.
Outputs:
Report: Policy brief on zero waste: a proposal for a POPs-free alternative to managing municipal discards in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines
NGO collaboration in three countries
Keywords:
Waste management and POPs
Indonesia
3INS Monitoring Banned Pesticides in Indonesia .pdf 651KB
Gita Pertiwi
This activity determined the circulation of POPs pesticides and pesticides which are prohibited by the Indonesian government based on the Indonesian Keputusan Menteri Pertanian (Minister of Farming Decree) letter No. 434.1/Kpts/TP.270/7/2001, which prohibits the use of 37 active pesticide ingredients. Research was conducted on official documents produced by the pesticide committee and farming department, and from field surveys on three islands, Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan. The surveys involved field visits and discussions with farmers, as well as interviews with the pesticide committee in the farming department. The results of the research were produced as a national report about the current circulation of information regarding the prohibited pesticides.
Outputs:
Report: Monitoring of banned pesticides in Indonesia
Information sheet on prohibited pesticides
Keywords:
Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Obsolete pesticides
J
Jordan.
Jordan:
Jordan
1JOR Stockholm Convention in Action in Jordan .pdf 380KB
Land and Human to Advocate Progress (LHAP)
This activity launched a public-awareness campaign in Jordan about POPs and the Stockholm Convention. The activity involved collecting information about the Stockholm Convention as well as sources of production of POPs; how POPs impact human health and the environment; how to deal with stockpiles; and how to deal with production and use of POPs. The information collected was then used to make an informational booklet on POPs. The activity also included the launch of a national campaign for the members of media and communities about POPs and their impacts on health and environment. Six public meetings were also organized, through which the information gathered on POPs and the Stockholm convention was disseminated. LHAP also organized a POPs Global Day of Action which was attended by 200 university students.
Outputs:
Production of a summary country situation report/informational brochure on POPs
Production of 1,000 posters, stickers, notepads and brochures
Six public hearings on POPs and regional sharing of information
Formation of a hearing committee and a team of POPs experts
Dissemination of pamphlets to youth
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Inventories and data collection; Youth
Jordan
2JOR Jordan LHAP GDA English .pdf KB
Land and Human to Advocate Progress (LHAP)
This activity, conducted by LHAP, included a public hearing attended by more than 200 university students along with members of media, academic institutions, non-governmental institutions, the private sector and public institutions. Experts of diverse background were invited to deliver presentations at the event covering the following topics: What are POPs; what do they mean; what chemicals are covered; what efforts are underway in Jordan; and what health issues are associated with use of POPs. A lawyer was present to inform the audience about the Stockholm Convention, its implications, national obligations after ratification, benefits and next steps. An expert in environment also outlined the environmental impacts associated with POPs, and an expert in socioeconomics provided an analysis of POPs impacts at the social and economic level. Participants received speakers' papers, a press release and a sticker.
Outputs:
Multi-stakeholder public informational hearing on POPs attended by youth, media, NGOs, academia, and public and private institutions
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Youth
Jordan
3JOR Jordan Country Situation Report .pdf 397KB
Badia Revival and Environmental Protection Society
The activity, conducted by the Badia Revival and Environmental Protection Society, conducted research and produced a national country situation report about POPs in Jordan. The report featured detailed information on POPs including discussions of nine POPs pesticides, PCBs, unintentionally produced POPs by-products such as dioxins and furans, other industrial chemicals, uses and effects of POPs, and an overall assessment of the state of POPs in Jordan. The study identified sources and users of POPs; identified inventories and stockpiles, and documented and identified types and sources of equipment and transformers in a number of regions throughout Jordan that contain PCBs. The report also explained what national studies related to POPs have been conducted (such as the Malaria Control Program and use of DDT) and what actions overall have been taken in Jordan as they relate to POPs. Methodology included a review and examination of national reports, national studies and actions. The report also provided a table of legal procedures and mechanisms available to address POPs, focused on the important role of NGOs and outlined a priority action list to deal with POPs in Jordan, with identification and control of stockpiles and PCBs topping the list.
Outputs:
Country situation report on POPs in Jordan
Keywords:
Country situation reports for contribution to NIP processes
Jordan
POPs and Policy in Jordan .pdf 437KB
Jordan International Center for Development and Peace
This activity includes a policy brief developed by the Jordan International Center for Development and Peace concerning sustainable development and environmental legislation in Jordan. During the 1990s, environmental awareness increased in Jordan due to increasing dependence on fossil fuels, limited energy supplies, water and land scarcity, and an increasing population. With fossil fuel-fired utilities and boilers cited in the Stockholm Convention-and with most of Jordan's industrial complexes built in the 1970s and 1980s-environment became a concern. The need to update technology, policy and laws leading to sustainable development, renewable energy use and increased fuel efficiency was recognized. The policy brief links national legislation and policies with the international ones and concludes that Jordan can better integrate environmental, social and economic goals. The brief includes a discussion of available environmental laws and legislation on chemical management, citing the correlating Ministry or management institution. Notwithstanding the efforts and numerous draft laws and regulations passed by the Ministry of Environment, it was discovered that there is no unified or clear mechanism in national legislation prohibiting and addressing POPs and their ill effects. The need for adequate supervision and enforcement, as well as the overall need build legal capacity to address POPs in Jordan was discussed.
Outputs:
Policy brief on sustainable development and environmental legislation in Jordan
Summary of environmental legislation in Jordan
Keywords:
Policy and legislation; Inventories and data collection
K
Kazakhstan.
Kenya.
Kyrgystan.
Kazakhstan:
Kazakhstan
1KAZ Kazakhstan Counry Situation Report Russian .pdf 607KB
1KAZ Kazakhstan Country Situation Report English .pdf 347KB
Environmental Information Agency, Greenwomen, Eco-Forum of Kazakh NGOs, Naursum NGO from Kustanai, Ecomuseum NGO from Karaganda
This report provides a detailed analysis of the POPs situation in Kazakhstan. Approximately 10% --20% of all agricultural lands in Kazakhstan are contaminated by organochlorine pesticides, including DDT and other POPs. The list of forbidden pesticides contains many chlorine-containing substances such as aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, heptachlor and hexachlorocyclohexane. The stock of useless pesticides in the republic increases every year, while the amount of neutralized preparations and containers decreases. It is especially worrisome that outdated pesticides are often stored in territories contaminated by radionuclides and salts of heavy metals.
Outputs:
Report: Country situation report on POPs in Kazakhstan
Keywords:
Country situation reports for contribution to NIP processes
Kazakhstan
2KAZ Greenwomen GDA English .pdf 328KB
POPs Video from Greenwomen in Kazakhstan - http://www.greenwomen.freenet.kz/pdf/video_soz.avi
Greenwomen
The public awareness-raising activity "We Are against POPs" was conducted by "Greenwomen" Environmental News Agency to raise public awareness of POPs and the Stockholm Convention in Kazakhstan. In the course of the action, press releases were distributed in Kazakh and Russian languages, as well as background documents on POPs for journalists and NGOs. Representatives of the Ministry of Environment of Kazakhstan were invited to the press conference, held in the course of the activity implementation. In addition, the information package developed for the Global Day of Actions against POPs by "Greenwomen" Environmental News Agency was also submitted to the Ministry. In the course of implementation, information materials on POPs for resource users were developed. Results of information campaigns of partner organizations were published as a digest. The digest may be used to inform members of the general public, media representatives and governmental officials on the problem of POPs in Kazakhstan and used as a source book for lecturers or specialized lessons in education facilities.
Outputs:
Dissemination of press releases and POPs information
Press conference with representatives of the Ministry of Environment
Digest of NGO POPs campaigns created
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising
Kazakhstan
3KAZ PCB Contamination in East Kazakhstan .pdf 379KB
Greenwomen
In Kazakhstan it is estimated that there are more than 38,000 units of PCB-containing equipment. This activity focused on PCB sources in the country. It contains official and NGO data on the PCB inventory in Kazakhstan. It was presented to governmental decision-makers and disseminated among NGOs.
Outputs:
Report: PCB contamination of the Eastern-Kazakhstan region: monitoring and inventories of PCB sources; ways to address the problem
Booklet of the current PCBs situation and its dissemination
Submission of report to Parliament, Ministry of Environment (including field offices), NGOs, representatives of industrial facilities and mass media
Soil sampling at five facilities for PCBs
Development of analytical survey on PCBs
Keywords:
Inventories and data collection; Waste management and POPs; Monitoring and assessment
Kenya:
Kenya
1KEN Kenya Country Situation Report .pdf 583KB
Association of Physicians and Medical Workers for Social Responsibility (PSR-Kenya)
This report describes the POPs (specifically DDT, pesticides and PCBs) situation in the country, including information about known levels. The report also details sources of POPs, how these are being addressed at the national level, and what measures are required to reduce and eliminate POPs and their sources in Kenya. The findings of the study were later incorporated to enrich the national POPs inventory. Overall, Nairobi and its environs had a substantial amount of POPs pesticides banned by the Stockholm Convention. Though DDT was banned for use in agriculture in 1986, and has not been used for public health purposes, new use of DDT is being experienced in upstream agricultural and water catchment areas of River Tana and Sabaki, which flow into the Indian Ocean. The literature reviewed reveals high levels of DDT in humans, flora and fauna. Eight locations were found to have PCB-containing equipment and PCB waste. The survey concludes there is need to strengthen the existing legislation and policy framework in the NIPs; identify and remediate other contaminated sites; dispose of POPs pesticides in an environmentally sound manner; develop and build institutional and stakeholder capacity to manage the obsolete and possible candidate POPs pesticides; develop a multi-stakeholder approach to sustain the management of chemical programs (e.g. SAICM); create community education and awareness; and conduct research on the health and environmental effects of POPs pesticides, especially in contaminated areas.
Outputs:
Report: Country situation report on POPs in Kenya
Keywords:
Country situation reports for contribution to NIP processes
Kenya
2KEN Alternatives to DDT Kenya .pdf 476KB
African Center for Environmental Advocacy and Governance (CEAG Africa)
Approximately 70 percent of Kenya's land is prone to malaria epidemics, and out of the approximately 31 million Kenyans, more than 20 million are "at constant risk of malaria." Malaria kills approximately 26,000 children per year in Kenya and about 170 million working days are lost due to malaria per year. Malaria accounts for 30 percent of all outpatient attendance and 19 percent of all admissions to Kenyan health facilities. This report discusses the use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis-commonly known as Bti-as an alternative to DDT. BTi was recently introduced in the war against malaria in Kenya and it is not yet widely used due to the low level of production. However, its application is increasing with increased awareness and production. The findings of this study support phasing out of DDT and substituting it with IVM which includes the larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis as an effective malaria control strategy. Where other viable alternatives to DDT that pose less risk to human health and the environment are to be used, close monitoring of application of these alternatives must be put in place.
Outputs:
Report: Approaches to effective malaria control that avoid DDT in Kenya: use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BTi)
Brief used to contribute to national policy on malaria control
Keywords:
Alternatives to practices that use or generate POPs; Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; Health and ecosystem impacts
Kenya
3KEN Kenya Contam Site Kitengla Obs Pesticide .pdf 2,425KB
Environmental Liaison Education and Action for Development (ENVILEAD)
The Kitengela obsolete pesticides store is located in Kenya's Rift Valley province. It is used by the Ministry of Agriculture as a temporary storage facility for obsolete pesticides and other chemicals prior to their disposal. The store had for a long time been suspected to be a POPs hotspot, but no formal investigation had been done. The study found that the Kitengela site is contaminated with a wide variety of toxins, including POPs pesticides and POPs industrial chemicals that are covered under the Stockholm Convention. The chemicals were not arranged in an orderly manner-they had just been "dumped" on the floor, thereby increasing chances of cross-contamination and environmental contamination. The estimated weight of contaminated soil around the store is 400 tons, and the site is a potential health hazard to the local community.
Outputs:
Report: Kitengela obsolete pesticides store in Kenya
Stakeholder interviews
Photographic records and visual observations
Sampling for laboratory analysis
Daily Nation article, "How Kitengela was poisoned"
Keywords:
Obsolete pesticides; POPs hotspots; Monitoring and assessment
Kenya
4KEN Kenya Waste Burning and Incineration .pdf 676KB
Environmental Liaison Education and Action for Development (ENVILEAD)
The study aimed to provide an overview of the critical issues regarding the management of municipal and medical waste in Nairobi, especially with respect toward the potential danger of generating unintentional POPs (U-POPs) in the process of burning such waste. The study's broader objective was to assist in the development of a comprehensive waste management strategy for the city and other urban areas in the country, in the context of the provisions of the Stockholm Convention. Annex C of the Stockholm Convention identifies waste incinerators-including co-incinerators of municipal, hazardous or medical waste or of sewage sludge-as source categories with high potential to release U-POPs into the environment. The study established that the area around the Dandora dumpsite, the city's biggest waste-burning site, is highly contaminated with POPs. This was established from the results of U-POPs levels in eggs sampled from the site in a different study. Other potential U-POPs hotspots include the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) incinerator, whose maximum temperatures range between 600°C and 700°C and which has no air pollution control devices (APCD).
Outputs:
Report: A study on waste incineration activities in Nairobi that release dioxins and furans into the environment
Keywords:
Unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs); Waste management and POPs; POPs Hotspots
Kenya
5KEN Kenya_eggsreport .pdf 483KB
Environmental Liaison Education and Action for Development (ENVILEAD)
Free-range chicken eggs samples were collected near potential sources of U-POPs named by the Stockholm Convention to check whether they might contain U-POPs. The Dandora dumpsite near Nairobi was selected as a sampling site since open burning of PVC plastic and other chlorine-containing items known to produce dioxins and furans is practiced. Chicken eggs were chosen for several reasons: they are a common food item; their fat content makes them appropriate for monitoring chemicals such as POPs that dissolve in fat; and eggs are a powerful symbol of new life. Free-range hens can easily access and eat soil animals, and therefore their eggs are a good tool for biomonitoring of environmental contamination by U-POPs. This study was part of a global monitoring of egg samples for U-POPs conducted by IPEN and reflects the first data about POPs in eggs ever reported in Kenya. The eggs were taken for laboratory analysis in Czech Republic. The results showed high levels of dioxins and PCBs. In fact, dioxin levels exceeded background levels by almost 18-fold and were more than six times higher than the European Union (EU) dioxin limit for eggs. Levels of PCBs exceeded proposed regulatory limits by more than 4-fold.
Outputs:
Report: Contamination of chicken eggs near the Dandora dumpsite in Kenya by dioxins, PCBs and hexachlorobenzene
Egg sampling and testing for U-POPs
Dissemination of results to the mass media and government
Keywords:
Unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs); Monitoring and assessment; Waste management and POPs; POPs Hotspots
Kenya
6KEN Kenya Global Day of Action Report .pdf 376KB
PSR-Kenya, CEAG Africa and iLima-Kenya
Solid waste management is a perennial problem plaguing major municipalities in Kenya like other developing countries. Management of medical waste as well as the burning at waste dumps produces dioxins and furans, which end up being taken up in the food chain. The above problems prompted Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR-Kenya), African Center for Environmental Advocacy and Governance (CEAG Africa) and iLima-Kenya to collaborate and organize an awareness-raising campaign through the Global Day of Action. The campaign involved a series of educational activities for community-based organizations engaged in solid waste management in eight districts of Nairobi as part of the GDA in 2005.
Outputs:
Capacity-building workshop for community-based organizations on solid waste management
Development and dissemination of press materials for public awareness and outreach
Major stories on radio
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Waste management and POPs
Kyrgyzstan:
Kyrgyzstan
1KYR Kyrgyzstan Counry Situation Russian .pdf 590KB
1KYR Kyrgyzstan Country Situation English Summary .pdf 417KB
For Civil Society
This report provides a thorough analysis of the POPs situation in Kyrgyzstan. Data suggests that about 75% of organochlorine pesticides have been replaced by pyrethroids. However, factors such as poor customs control and independent farmers allow one to assume that obsolete pesticides are applied without control and pesticide loads may exceed applicable standards. Pesticides of unknown origin, without labels are freely available at marketplaces. NGOs believe that large amounts of banned pesticides are delivered or have been already delivered to Kyrgyzstan due to poor controls. More than 100 transformers have been identified with dielectric liquids containing up to 2% PCBs. There is sparse information about dioxin levels due to the high costs of analysis; however, indirect indicators suggest high levels.
Outputs:
Report: Country situation report on POPs in Kyrgyzstan
Keywords:
Country situation reports for contribution to NIP processes
Kyrgyzstan
2KYR Kyrg Cooperation English Summary .pdf 379KB
Independent Ecological Expertise
Like most countries, responsibility for chemical safety in Kyrgyzstan is spread out among many government ministries. This report analyzes the role of each ministry in POPs regulation and assesses the degree to which they cooperate in the context of meeting Stockholm Convention goals. In addition, the report analyzes the degree to which different sectors such as public authorities, businesses and civil society institutions currently cooperate on matters related to POPs. The goal of the activity was to develop a mechanism to increase the effectiveness of Convention implementation by increasing the effectiveness of cooperation among agencies and sectors, including public participation in decision making. Independent Ecological Expertise makes recommendations to increase coherency and intersectoral cooperation to better implement country obligations under the Stockholm Convention, including a variety of needed laws, strengthening institutional capacity, establishing a coordination body, and development of a pollutant release and transfer registry (PRTR).
Outputs:
Report: Inter-agency and inter-sectoral cooperation at national and local levels to address POPs-associated problems
Keywords:
Policy and legislation; Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising
Kyrgyzstan
3KYR Dioxin Sources in Central Asia .pdf 397KB
For Civil Society (Kyrgyzstan) and Clean Fergana (Uzbekistan)
This collaborative activity reviews POPs storage facilities and sources in three republics of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. NGOs used the UNEP Toolkit and IPEN comments on emission factors to make some estimates of dioxin releases from sources including: waste incinerators, pulp production, processes in the metallurgical industry and uncontrolled burning. The report also covers known aspects of PCB inventories in the region. To complete the activity, NGOs conducted a seminar on hazardous chemicals with NGOs and government officials from the region. Seminar participants proposed initiating parliamentary discussions on Convention ratification in Kazakhstan; ratification of the Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers; and having NGOs identify and conduct public awareness-raising activities in the region on POPs.
Outputs:
Report: Identification of sources of dioxins, furans, PCBs and the campaign against POPs pollution in Central Asia
Seminar on hazardous chemicals in Central Asia with NGOs and government officials from the region
Keywords:
Unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs); Inventories and data collection; Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising
Kyrgyzstan
4KYR POPs in Kockkorskiy District Kyrgyzstan .pdf 395KB
Unison Civic Environmental Foundation
Unison focused activities on POPs in a remote rural district in the eastern part of Kyrgyzstan where agriculture is the principal economic activity. The NGO reviewed information on POPs sources; conducted a roundtable discussion to assess awareness of POPs; identified specific POPs hotspots; surveyed local residents; and disseminated information about POPs. Twelve storage facilities contain 28 tons of obsolete pesticides and failed to meet sanitary standards. In addition, pesticide burial sites were identified that contained DDT and Lindane. These problems were taken up in the roundtable discussion, which was warmly received by local civil society organizations and led to commitments to work toward addressing the obsolete pesticide problems. Unison also characterized three contaminated sites and disseminated information on POPs to NGOs and the public. The report concludes there is low awareness of POPs among all sectors and recommends including the burial sites in official inventories.
Outputs:
Report: Analysis and assessment of POPs in the Kochkorskiy District of the Kyrgyz Republic
Roundtable discussion on POPs and contaminated sites
Initial characterization of three contaminated sites
Dissemination of information on POPs
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Obsolete pesticides; POPs hotspots; Inventories and data collection; Health and ecosystem impacts
Kyrgyzstan
5KYR Public Info Campaign in Kyrgyzstan .pdf 368KB
Independent Environment Assessment and Partnership Initiative Coalition
NGOs organized three regional workshops and press conferences to raise public awareness on POPs and associated risks. The publication, "Mechanisms of Inter-agency and Inter-sectoral Co-operation for Addressing POPs-related Problems: Law, Experience, Recommendations" prepared in the framework of the previous IPEP project was used as the background material for the meetings. The gatherings of NGOs and government officials yielded a letter to the speaker of the parliament urging ratification of the Stockholm Convention. Later, the NGO and the Ministry of Health co-hosted a press conference to call for Convention ratification. The campaign was successful. On June 13, 2006, Kyrgyzstan ratified the Stockholm Convention.
Outputs:
Report: Public information campaign to lobby for Stockholm Convention ratification by Kyrgyzstan
Four roundtable meetings on POPs and ratification
Three regional workshops on POPs
Press conferences and media articles
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Policy and legislation
L
Lebanon.
Lebanon:
Lebanon
1LEB Together Eliminate POPs in Lebanon .pdf 518KB
APEP (Association pour la protection de l'environement et du patrimoine -Nabatieh)
This report describes APEP's POPs community awareness program which was conducted in collaboration with four NGOs. The program focused on reducing pesticide usage in Lebanon and eliminating those forbidden by the Stockholm Convention. To this end, APEP spread POPs awareness via four workshops; preparation and dissemination of 5,000 POPs brochures in the Al Nabatieh Municipality and neighboring villages; and the placement of large signs in public streets that encouraged communities to come to the workshops and eliminate POPs. Workshops discussed the historic, scientific and legal issues associated with POPs and encouraged community participation. As a result, a number of POPs petitions were signed and sent to the Ministry of Health. Activities also included lobbying decision-makers and stakeholders toward the implementation of the Stockholm Convention. The activity also designed a press campaign using newsletters and local newspapers.
Outputs:
Multiple POPs-awareness workshops
Production and dissemination of 5,000 POPs brochures describing and listing POPs and their harmful effects
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Pesticides, agriculture and integrated pest management; Policy and legislation
Lebanon
2LEB Global day of action Lebanon .pdf 372KB
APEP (Association pour la protection de l'environement et du patrimoine -Nabatieh)
On April 21, 2005, APEP organized a press conference and public participation and POPs awareness-raising seminar for municipalities, NGOs and organizations in 14 towns in the Nabatieh district of Lebanon. The conference was directed by Dr. Kamal Slim (university professor with expertise in environmental studies) to explain the harmful effects of pesticides, the 12 POPs listed in the Treaty and the importance of Stockholm Convention implementation. Emphasis was also placed on the causes, sources and harmful effects of dioxins, outlining strategies to reduce and avoid exposure to dioxin emissions. The awareness-raising activities also included distribution of POPs brochures to schools and university students of the Nabatieh district on Earth Day highlighting harmful effects and the Stockholm Convention.
Outputs:
Multi-stakeholder POPs awareness-raising seminar
Production and distribution of POPs brochures in schools and universities
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising
Lebanon
3LEB National POPs Campaign in Lebanon .pdf 733KB
AMWAJ
This report documents the activity launched by AMWAJ to raise awareness about the problems associated with POPs and toxic chemicals in Lebanon. AMWAJ, with the cooperation of the NIP committee of Lebanon, NGOs, the Ministry of Environment and municipalities, organized several preparatory meetings and a seminar in Saida designed to launch a study to address the landfill in Saida known as "Garbage Mountain," particularly the problems of unintentional POPs associated with burning waste at the dump. A multi-stakeholder workshop was then held in March 2006 to launch an activity to eliminate POPs in Lebanon, with the specific goals of data collection, civil reference to POPs in the law, dissemination of campaign materials, monitoring, media coverage and emphasis on commitment to the Stockholm Convention. The workshop was followed by a meeting in Saida, where the landfill was discussed, and NGOs and municipalities were encouraged to address and eliminate the dump with the assistance of his highness Al Waheed Bin Talal who donated 5 million pounds to the cause.
Outputs:
Planning and POPs awareness-raising seminars held in Beirut and Saida
Release of POPs leaflets on the POPs project, the dirty dozen and role of stakeholders
Production of stickers on the dangers of POPs and list of the dirty dozen
National media coverage on POPs
Keywords:
Public information, education, capacity-building and awareness-raising; Waste management and POPs; Unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs); POPs hotspots; Inventories and data collection
Lebanon
4LEB Lebanon Country Situation Report .pdf 497KB
Lebanese Environmental Forum (LEF)
The activity describes Lebanon's country situation report on POPs. The report was developed by reviewing and assessing prior information on POPs, making note of the problems associated with incomplete historic data, gaps in inventory information and lack of available figures. The report focuses on: 1) pesticides (used in agriculture), 2) PCBs (found in electrical equipment like transformers) and 3) unintentionally produced chemicals including dioxins and furans as major issues for Lebanon. Specifically, POPs sources, levels, users, hotspots, pathways and environment impacts are discussed, with specific emphasis placed on the harmful health effects of POPs as they impact vulnerable groups such as women, children, the poor and those exposed in occupational settings. The state of POPs legislation and assessment in the country is described and commitment to the Stockholm Convention is encouraged.
Outputs:
Lebanon country situation report available in the English language
Keywords:
Country situation reports for contribution to NIP processes
Lebanon
5LEB Lebanon Hotspot Garbage Mountain .pdf 383KB
Association pour la Protection de l'Environnement et du Patrimoine (APEP) Lebanon hotspot: Garbage Mountain
This report documents an uncontrolled solid waste landfill hotspot on the Southern coast of Lebanon in the city of Saida, bordered by the Alexander Sea, Awali River and Siniq River. The dump, known as "Garbage Mountain," contains about one million cubic meters of waste and is in direct contact with the sea. The accumulated waste is a mixture of municipal, agricultural, industrial, hospital and slaughter waste. PCBs and POPs pesticides, as well as hazardous wastes such as paints and tannery wastes are suspected. Soil represents around 75% of the total volume of the site. The landfill is located next to archeological sites. Parts of the accumulated waste regularly fall into the sea. Pockets of methane gas have been known to build up, resulting in fires and uncontrolled burning. Currently, no known analyses or site monitoring activities have been conducted, nor is there adequate waste composition data. Clean-up plans have been drafted, but only recently at the end of 2005 did the Municipality of Saida, relevant Ministries and NGOs agree on a common plan, which includes excavation, segregation, composting, recycling, land-filling, mitigation and monitoring. The report recommends cooperation and collaboration as well as awareness-raising as tools to contribute to the success of the plan.
Outputs:
Report documenting the state of the Saida landfill hotspot and need for action at the site
Keywords:
POPs hotspots; Waste management and POPs; Unintentionally produced POPs (dioxins, furans, HCB, PCBs); Health and ecosystem impacts; Monitoring and assessment
Version: 2.0 (March, 2007)
projects:
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